Demoralization predicts suicidality in patients with cluster headache

Table 3 Associations of Suicidal Ideation or High Suicide Risk in the Overall Cohort

Outcome: Passive or Active Suicidal Ideation
Variable	Odds Ratio (95% CI)	p-value
Cluster Headache^a	2.04 (1.08, 3.85)	0.03*
Lifetime depression^b	2.30 (1.18, 4.46)	0.01*
Demoralized^c	3.33 (1.39, 8.04)	0.007*
Age (per 1 year)	1.00 (0.98, 1.02)	0.92
Male sex^d	1.29 (0.65, 2.54)	0.47
Caucasian^e	0.50 (0.14, 1.78)	0.29
Currently Married^f	0.54 (0.27, 1.09)	0.09
Completed College^g	0.52 (0.21, 1.28)	0.15
High/Middle Income^h	1.03 (0.48, 2.23)	0.94
Regular Drug Use historyⁱ	1.35 (0.57, 3.19)	0.50
Regular Alcohol Use history^j	0.99 (0.33, 3.01)	0.99
Outcome: SBQ-R Score (Range 3-18)
Variable	SBQ-R Score points (95% CI)	p-value
Cluster Headache^a	0.6 (0.1, 1.2)	0.12
Lifetime depression^b	1.0 (0.2, 1.7)	0.01*
Demoralized^c	2.8 (1.9, 3.7)	< 0.0001*
Age (per 10 year)	0.1 (−0.1, 0.4)	0.26
Male sex^d	0.0 (−0.7, 0.7)	0.95
Caucasian^e	−0.4 (−1.8, 0.9)	0.55
Currently Married^f	− 0.4 (−1.2, 0.3)	0.25
Completed College^g	−0.3 (−1.3, 0.6)	0.53
High/Middle Income^h	−0.5 (− 1.3, 0.3	0.19
Regular Drug Use historyⁱ	1.0 (0.1, 1.9)	0.03*
Regular Alcohol Use history^j	−0.1 (−1.2, 1.1)	0.92

Reference groups: ^aCluster headache: referent controls; ^bLifetime depression: referent no depression; ^cDemoralization: defined as fulfilling demoralization diagnostic criteria for use in psychosomatic research or KDS score ≥ 42; ^dMale sex: referent female; ^eCaucasian: referent other races; ^fCurrently married: referent currently single, divorced, widowed; ^gCompleted college: referent did not complete college; ^hHigh/middle income: referent low income (< $3000 monthly); ⁱRegular drug use: period of one year when drugs were used weekly, referenced to those that did not have such a period; ^jHistory of regular alcohol use: period of one year when 3 or more drinks at least 3 times per week, referenced to those who did not have such a period
* = p<0.05

ISSN: 1129-2377