Neuromodulation techniques for acute and preventive migraine treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Table 1 Summary of type of stimulation, targets brand name, manufacturer, practical use and CE/FDA approval for main devices tested for migraine treatment

Type of stimulation	Target	Brand name™	Manufacturer	Practical use A = Acute P = prophylactic	FDA cleared	CE mark
Remote electrical nerve (REN) stimulation inducing conditioned pain modulation	Arm	Nerivio Migra™	Theranica	A	+	+
Invasive electrical stimulation	Great occipital nerve	Quad/Synergy™^a Genesis/Eon Mini™^b	Medtronic St. Jude Medical-Abbott	P	–	–
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)	Supra-orbital nerve	Cefaly™	Cefaly technology	P	+	+
High frequency repetitive TMS	Primary motor cortex (M1)	More than 4	More than 4	P	+	+
Percutaneous electric nerve stimulation (PENS)	Shaoyang or Taiyang acupoints	More than 4	More than 4	P	+	+
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation	Cervical vagus nerve	GammaCore™ NEMOS/ VITOS™	ElectroCore tVNS Technologies GmbH	A and P	+	+
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)	Supra-orbital nerve or occipital nerve	Cefaly™ Headaterm™ Relivion™ + Non-specific TENS devices	Cefaly technology WAT medical Neurolief	A and P	+	+
Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)	Occipital cortex	SpringTMS™	eNeura	A	+	+
High frequency repetitive TMS	Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and vertex	More than 4	More than 4	P	+	+
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)	M1, visual cortex, frontal cortex	More than 4	More than 4	P	+	+

Stimulation methods with positive effect according to pooled results of at least 2 studies included in the present review are presented above the thick line
^aThese devices were used in the studies by Serra and Saper et al.. However, the Synergy™ generator is not manufactured any longer and replaced by the Prime Advanced™ (non-rechargeable) or Intellis™ (rechargeable) generator
^bThese generators are not commercialized any more by St Jude-Abbott and replaced by the Proclaim™ generators

ISSN: 1129-2377